In petrochemical & refinery plants, drums and tanks are essential for various functions, including storage, mixing, and processing of fluids. These large-capacity vessels are designed to handle crude oil, chemicals, gases, and other process fluids. Here’s an overview of the types of drums commonly used and their functions:
1. Storage Drums

• Function: Primarily used for the temporary storage of crude oil, refined products, or chemical substances. Positioned strategically within the plant, they serve to meet immediate or short-term production needs.
• Features: Typically large-volume tanks capable of holding significant quantities of fluids.

2. Reactor Drums

• Function: Serve as vessels where chemical reactions occur, with controlled temperature and pressure conditions. They facilitate various chemical processes and transformations.
• Features: Equipped with systems to manage reaction conditions, including heating, cooling, and pressure control mechanisms.

3. Mixing Drums

• Function: Used for the homogeneous mixing of different components. This is crucial during formulation processes or product development stages, ensuring a uniform blend of materials.
• Features: Designed to achieve thorough mixing through mechanical agitation or other mixing methods.

4. Separator Drums

• Function: Employed to separate mixed fluids into their individual components. For example, they are used in processes like water-oil separation or gas-oil separation.
• Features: Include separation mechanisms to effectively divide and collect different phases or components.

5. Accumulator Drums

• Function: Absorb pressure fluctuations in continuous flow processes, helping to maintain process stability and minimize pressure changes within the system.
• Features: Built to withstand pressure variations and provide smooth, stable operation.

Design and Maintenance Considerations

• Materials: Drums are typically constructed from high-quality steel or other materials suited to their specific applications and process conditions.
• Sizes and Shapes: Available in various sizes and shapes depending on the requirements of the process they are designed to support.
• Maintenance: Regular inspection and maintenance are crucial to ensure the safety, integrity, and operational efficiency of the drums. This includes checking for leaks, structural integrity, and proper function.

Drums in petrochemical plants are vital for the continuous and effective management of fluids. Their design and operation must adhere to industry standards to ensure they meet performance, safety, and efficiency requirements.